{"id":20636,"date":"2024-05-10T11:45:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-10T09:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/?p=20636"},"modified":"2025-12-17T12:17:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T11:17:05","slug":"loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload\/","title":{"rendered":"Loader Dev. 5 \u2013 Loading our payload"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20636\" class=\"elementor elementor-20636\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12d30440 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12d30440\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\njQuery(function($) {\nvar mywindow = $(window);\nvar mypos = mywindow.scrollTop();\nlet scrolling = false;\nwindow.addEventListener('scroll', function() {\nscrolling = true;\n});\nsetInterval(() => {\nif (scrolling) {\nscrolling = false;\nif (mypos > 40) {\nif (mywindow.scrollTop() > mypos) {\n$('#header--sticky').addClass('headerup');\n} else {\n$('#header--sticky').removeClass('headerup');\n}\n}\nmypos = mywindow.scrollTop();\n}\n}, 300);\n});\n});\n\n<\/script>\n<style>\n#header--sticky{\ntransition : transform 0.34s ease;\n}\n.headerup{\ntransform: translateY(-110px); \/*adjust this value to the height of your header*\/\n}\n<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4a64a832 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4a64a832\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-309b0c0d\" data-id=\"309b0c0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25013c57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"25013c57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-59da575 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Blog<\/span>, <span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Red Teaming<\/span>, <span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Red Teaming<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2769fe0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2769fe0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Loader Dev. 5 \u2013 Loading our payload<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4090fec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4090fec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16c786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d16c786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>May 10, 2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25fd3b70 elementor-hidden-mobile_extra elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"25fd3b70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406d399b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"406d399b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f2c90f7 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f2c90f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b86d55\" data-id=\"33b86d55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a6be0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"51a6be0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"section1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596e8a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"596e8a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this post, we will finally cover loading our actual payload. As discussed at the beginning of this series, our loader should be able to load shellcode and C# assemblies as well as PEs. The actual mode will be chosen using an argument to the python script used for compilation.<\/p><h2>Disclaimer<\/h2><p>These posts are written to provide information to other professionals of the discussed topics.<\/p><p>The techniques used here are not novel and were documented by other people before. Therefore, the benefits of these posts for threat actors will likely be minimal. Nonetheless, we decided against releasing a full PoC implementation and will instead only provide code snippets as part of the posts. All credit should go to the people that did the original research on the techniques used.<\/p><p>There will also be an accompanying blog post on detecting or hunting for malware using the discussed techniques to enable readers to protect their environment.<\/p><h2>Payloads<\/h2><p>In this post, we will only cover the injection of payloads into into our current process. There are three forms our payload can take here:<\/p><ul><li>Shellcode<\/li><li>C# assemblies<\/li><li>PEs<\/li><\/ul><p>The loading works differently for each one and we will therefore cover each format in a separate section. In each section, we will give a brief explanation of the technique as well as references on where to look for further information. After that, we will look at a short PoC and the detections for the payload on antiscan.me to test the effectiveness of our loader.<\/p><h2>Shellcode (Phantom DLL Hollowing)<\/h2><p>For loading shellcode, Phantom DLL Hollowing is used. For our implementation we looked at a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forrest-orr.net\/post\/malicious-memory-artifacts-part-i-dll-hollowing\">detailed description<\/a><\/span> of this technique as well as the accompanying <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/forrest-orr\/phantom-dll-hollower-poc\/blob\/master\/PhantomDllHollower\/PhantomDllHollower.cpp\">implementation<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>The advantage of this technique is the look of the shellcode in memory. In almost all cases, instructions executed by a process stem from a file on disk. This could be an executable or a DLL. To understand the advantage of this technique, we will first look at the standard case where we load our shellcode into memory, mark the memory as executable and then execute the shellcode. For this, we used a basic loader and shellcode that pops a message box. The following screenshot shows the memory in Process Hacker:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50b84809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50b84809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-6.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI3NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkMS02LnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7275\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-6.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-6-300x12.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d2c8ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d2c8ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is very different from the memory of e.g.\u00a0a DLL, which can be seen in the following screenshot:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b9e436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5b9e436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Loader5_1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Loader5_1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTcyNjYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaXJvc2VjLmRlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wNVwvTG9hZGVyNV8xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"63\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Loader5_1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17266\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Loader5_1.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Loader5_1-300x34.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8eaa04d\" data-id=\"8eaa04d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4d5a5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"5f4d5a5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Kolja Grassmann<\/div><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Consultant<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7140c05f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7140c05f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Category<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cea4902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"1cea4902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-59da575\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Blog<\/span>, <span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Red Teaming<\/span>, <span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Red Teaming<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dbc16c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"1dbc16c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Date<\/div><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">May 10, 2024<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6baa59cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6baa59cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Navigation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc75333 elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"3dc75333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-chevron-right&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__3dc75333\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71d808c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71d808c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cfa8838\" data-id=\"3cfa8838\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17228475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"17228475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"info-event\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ff98c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ff98c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As we can see, such memory is normally file-backed, and therefore executable memory that is not backed by a file can be a red flag during memory scanning.<\/p><p>This brings us to the second option: DLL Hollowing. Here, instead of allocating memory for our shellcode, we overwrite memory that contains the instructions of a DLL and therefore our shellcode is now in file-backed memory. We can see this in the following screenshot:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50b9be0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50b9be0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild2-5.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkMi01LnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild2-5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7277\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild2-5.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild2-5-300x46.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1853b87a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1853b87a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This time, our shellcode executes from the memory of the aadauthhelper.dll DLL and is therefore located in file-backed memory. Note, however, that we now have an entry under Private WS in the section marked as executable, which was not the case before. This is because there is now a data section in this area, that is not shared with other processes, but unique to the current process as we have overwritten the memory in this area. This again is a fact that a memory scanner might look for.<\/p><p>The main difference between DLL Hollowing and Phantom DLL Hollowing is the existence of this private memory. With Phantom DLL Hollowing, we open a DLL file and use transacted file operations to write our shellcode to the file without writing it to disk. Afterwards we can map this file into memory and, in this case, we do not have any private memory. We can see this in the following screenshot:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c4e9887 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"2c4e9887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"section3\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f3141b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1f3141b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild3-2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI3OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkMy0yLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild3-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7279\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild3-2.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild3-2-300x40.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0bfb7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0bfb7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Therefore, we have eliminated another indicator that a memory scanner might use to detect our payload using this technique.<\/p><p>The following screenshot shows the loader invoking Metasploit shellcode, which executes a command to open a calculator:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43768ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"43768ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild4-2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkNC0yLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild4-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7284\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild4-2.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild4-2-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d548fb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d548fb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To get further information on the effectiveness of the loader, we also uploaded it to antiscan.me. The following screenshot shows that the payload packed with our loader was not detected by any of the available AV engines:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a445730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a445730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild5-2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkNS0yLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild5-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7286\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild5-2.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild5-2-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8c10d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e8c10d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Loading .NET<\/h2><p>As far as I know, there seems to be one main technique used for loading C# assemblies from unmanaged code without storing it on disk (if there are more, please tell us). This technique hosts a CLR in the current process and then uses a legacy interface to load the assembly into memory. This way is used e.g.\u00a0by <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/TheWover\/donut\/blob\/master\/loader\/inmem_dotnet.c\">donut<\/a><\/span>, which we took heavy inspiration from. For more details, please refer to this implementation.<\/p><p>It is likely suspicious to host a CLR in our process, as this is behavior is not common and is in many cases used by malicious processes. Another approach, that we never got around to implement, would be to inject into a process that already has a CLR loaded and reuse the CLR in the remote process. There is another <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/med0x2e\/ExecuteAssembly\">project<\/a><\/span>, that seems to implement this.<\/p><p>The following screenshot shows the loader running <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/GhostPack\/Rubeus\">Rubeus<\/a><\/span> :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de9bd9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de9bd9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild6-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI4OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkNi0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild6-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7288\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild6-1.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild6-1-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc036a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc036a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Again, we uploaded the file to antiscan.me to assess the effectiveness. The following screenshot shows, that none of the available AV engines detected our binary as malicious:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56cd907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56cd907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild7.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild7\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI5MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkNy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7290\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild7.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild7-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4bced5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4bced5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>RunPE<\/h2><p>When loading a PE into memory, we need to mimic the behavior of the load process done by Windows internally and resolve all dependencies. There are multiple implementations that inspired our implementation. One implementation is by Netitude in C#. There is also an accompanying white paper. There is also a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aaaddress1\/RunPE-In-Memory\">C++ implementation<\/a><\/span> and a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"here\">Nim implementation<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>Our aim here was to create an implementation that gets a decrypted PE passed to it as an argument, loads this PE, and then runs it. As this is intended as a loader and not as part of a C2 framework, I am less concerned about the cleanup process. The process will simply exit after executing the PE. This differs from the C# implementation done by Netitude. We also do not need to be able to load existing PEs from disk, as we are primarily trying to hide binaries like mimikatz from AV\/EDR products and will therefore not put these on disk.<\/p><p>As the loader is implemented in C, we took the basic implementation from the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aaaddress1\/RunPE-In-Memory\">C++ implementation<\/a><\/span> mentioned above. For our version, we made a few adjustments:<\/p><ul><li>Fine-grained permissions instead of RWX<\/li><li>Direct syscalls where feasible<\/li><li>Support for 64bit relocations<\/li><\/ul><p>Let us go over these changes one by one. The initial memory allocation in the original implementation was done using RWX permissions, which is quite suspicious in our opinion. The needed permissions for each section are present in the Characteristics field in each section header. We can therefore look them up for each of the sections and then change the protections accordingly. Our implementation is initially allocating memory with RW permissions and then adjusting the permissions before executing the PE. The following code is ported from the Netitude implementation:<\/p><pre>IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER * SectionHeaderArr = (IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER *)((size_t)ntHeader + sizeof(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS));<br \/>for (int i = 0; i &lt; ntHeader-&gt;FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 printf(\" [+] Changing the protections for Section %s\\n\", SectionHeaderArr[i].Name);<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bool execute = ((unsigned int) SectionHeaderArr[i].Characteristics &amp; IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) != 0;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bool read = ((unsigned int) SectionHeaderArr[i].Characteristics &amp; IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ) != 0;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bool write = ((unsigned int) SectionHeaderArr[i].Characteristics &amp; IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) != 0;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DWORD32 protection = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if (execute &amp;&amp; read &amp;&amp; write) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else if (!execute &amp;&amp; read &amp;&amp; write) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_READWRITE;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else if (!write &amp;&amp; execute &amp;&amp; read) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_EXECUTE_READ;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else if (!execute &amp;&amp; !write &amp;&amp; read) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_READONLY;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else if (execute &amp;&amp; !read &amp;&amp; !write) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_EXECUTE;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else if (!execute &amp;&amp; !read &amp;&amp; !write){<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 protection = PAGE_NOACCESS;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 printf(\" [+] Setting protection: 0x%x\\n\", protection);<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DWORD old_protect = 0;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 LPVOID base_address = (LPVOID)(pImageBase + SectionHeaderArr[i].VirtualAddress);<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 size_t data_size = SectionHeaderArr[i].SizeOfRawData;<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NTSTATUS status = pNtProtectVirtualMemory((HANDLE)-1, &amp;base_address, &amp;data_size , protection, &amp;old_protect);<br \/>}<\/pre><p>Furthermore, we also replaced the function calls with direct syscalls to give fewer detection opportunities to EDRs. As we already discussed direct syscalls before, we will not go into details here.<\/p><p>Then we added support for 64-bit relocations. This was not a huge change, as these are similar to the 32-bit version. However, the original version fails to do relocations when facing a 64bit binary. The case that we added to the original code looked as follows:<\/p><pre>else if (type == RELOC_64BIT_FIELD) {<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/ Get relocation address location<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 size_t* relocateAddr = (size_t*)((size_t)modulePtr + reloc_field);<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 printf(\" [V] Apply Reloc Field at %x\\n\", relocateAddr);<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *(UINT64 *)relocateAddr = ((*relocateAddr) - oldBase + newBase);<br \/>}<\/pre><p>Apart from this, we did the usual modifications like dynamically resolving functions and encrypting strings.<\/p><p>One other change that we thought about was to do a custom LoadLibrary version as done <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bats3c\/DarkLoadLibrary\">here<\/a><\/span>. This should help to get around kernel-level logic that might recognize our loading of DLLs as suspicious. This will get more important as EDRs move towards processing ETW TI logs and registering more kernel callbacks.<\/p><p>The following screenshot shows the loader running <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gentilkiwi\/mimikatz\">mimikatz<\/a> <\/span>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4314350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4314350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild8.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI5NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9CaWxkOC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7295\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild8.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild8-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1e5b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1e5b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Again, we also uploaded it to antiscan.me to evaluate the effectiveness of our loader. The following screenshot shows, that none of the available AV engines detected our binary as malicious:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad53da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ad53da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bild9\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzI5NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Npcm9zZWMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzEyXC9sb2FkZXItZGV2LTUtbG9hZGluZy1vdXItcGF5bG9hZC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7297\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload.png 560w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b434e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89b434e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Summary<\/h2><p>In this post, we discussed the different techniques for loading our payload depending on the kind of payload we are loading and gave some pointers to resources that can be used to reproduce this. We also tested the loader against some security vendors and saw that our implementation seems to work quite well.<\/p><p>Two tasks that are still open at this point are implementing remote injection logic and converting parts of the loader to position-independent code.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46c5f07a\" data-id=\"46c5f07a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f449f59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f449f59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01c799\" data-id=\"c01c799\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b47cb2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b47cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further blog articles<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6966af45\" data-id=\"6966af45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68dd1f57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68dd1f57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31252034\" data-id=\"31252034\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf497c0 elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient load-more-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"7cf497c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;load_more_on_click&quot;,&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;load_more_spinner&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-spinner&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9031 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-red-teaming category-red-teaming-en tag-loader-dev\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-4-amsi-and-etw\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/web-applikationen-portale-services-300x203.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-12061\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/web-applikationen-portale-services-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/web-applikationen-portale-services-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/web-applikationen-portale-services-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/web-applikationen-portale-services.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Blog<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-4-amsi-and-etw\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLoader Dev. 4 &#8211; AMSI and ETW\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>April 30, 2024 &#8211; In the last post, we discussed how we can get rid of any hooks placed into our process by an EDR solution. However, there are also other mechanisms provided by Windows, which could help to detect our payload. Two of these are ETW and AMSI.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAuthor: Kolja Grassmann<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-4-amsi-and-etw\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Loader Dev. 4 &#8211; AMSI and ETW\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tMehr Infos \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9032 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-blog-en category-red-teaming category-red-teaming-en tag-loader-dev\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-3-evading-userspace-hooks\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/beratung-konzepte-reviews-und-analysen-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-12075\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/beratung-konzepte-reviews-und-analysen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/beratung-konzepte-reviews-und-analysen-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/beratung-konzepte-reviews-und-analysen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/beratung-konzepte-reviews-und-analysen.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Blog<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-3-evading-userspace-hooks\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLoader Dev. 3 &#8211; Evading userspace hooks\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>April 10, 2024 &#8211; In this post, we will go over techniques to avoid hooks placed into memory by an EDR.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAuthor: Kolja Grassmann<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-3-evading-userspace-hooks\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Loader Dev. 3 &#8211; Evading userspace hooks\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tMehr Infos \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9035 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-red-teaming category-red-teaming-en tag-loader-dev\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-2-dynamically-resolving-functions\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/aktive-directory-sicherheit-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-12083\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/aktive-directory-sicherheit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/aktive-directory-sicherheit-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/aktive-directory-sicherheit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/aktive-directory-sicherheit.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Blog<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-2-dynamically-resolving-functions\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLoader Dev. 2 &#8211; Dynamically resolving functions\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>March 10, 2024 &#8211; In this post, we discuss dynamically resolving functions, which help to avoid static detections based on the functions imported by our executable.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAuthor: Kolja Grassmann<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-2-dynamically-resolving-functions\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Loader Dev. 2 &#8211; Dynamically resolving functions\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tMehr Infos \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9036 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-red-teaming-en category-red-teaming tag-loader-dev\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-1-basics\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-18516\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/adi-goldstein-EUsVwEOsblE-unsplash-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Blog<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-1-basics\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLoader Dev. 1 &#8211; Basics\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>February 10, 2024 &#8211; This is the first post in a series of posts that will cover the development of a loader for evading AV and EDR solutions.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAuthor: Kolja Grassmann<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-1-basics\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Loader Dev. 1 &#8211; Basics\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tMehr Infos \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-load-more-spinner\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-spinner\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53251ed3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"53251ed3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d6f3b71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"7d6f3b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"6023\" class=\"elementor elementor-6023 elementor-2968 elementor-2968\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3920b242 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3920b242\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61cde52c\" data-id=\"61cde52c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eba007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7eba007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7346d88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7346d88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you want to protect your systems? Feel free to get in touch with us.<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b0432b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1b0432b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdf3c58 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdf3c58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-40c99187\" data-id=\"40c99187\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1d7b6a elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4a1d7b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/inquiry\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Send Enquiry<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b9d9ea6\" data-id=\"3b9d9ea6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e7c4d9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7e7c4d9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact Details<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24850cf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24850cf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28e8418d\" data-id=\"28e8418d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-id=\"e9b41ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-51c0c74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51c0c74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ac5cc6\" data-id=\"8ac5cc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af371ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af371ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Logo_Cirosec_rgb_53x16mm-transparent.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Logo_Cirosec_rgb_53x16mm-transparent.png 626w, https:\/\/cirosec.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Logo_Cirosec_rgb_53x16mm-transparent-300x90.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85f2a11 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85f2a11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Competent IT security consulting, pentests, incident response and training<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5731ee0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5731ee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>cirosec GmbH<br \/>Ferdinand-Braun-Stra\u00dfe 4<br \/>74074 Heilbronn, Germany<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7c447f\" data-id=\"c7c447f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4826023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4826023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quicklinks<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f26d479 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f26d479\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f26d479\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/about-us\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">About us<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/services\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/trainings\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Trainings<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/secure-email-communication-with-cirosec\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Secure Email Communication with cirosec<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f26d479\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/about-us\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">About us<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/services\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/trainings\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Trainings<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/secure-email-communication-with-cirosec\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Secure Email Communication with cirosec<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e8304\" data-id=\"29e8304\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14232af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14232af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Social Media<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23ea92 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"c23ea92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-c23ea92\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13039\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/cirosecgmbh\" class=\"elementor-item\">Instagram<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9136\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xing.com\/pages\/cirosecgmbh\" class=\"elementor-item\">Xing<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9137\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/cirosec-gmbh\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9138\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cirosec\" class=\"elementor-item\">X (Twitter)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21563\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infosec.exchange\/@cirosec\" class=\"elementor-item\">Mastodon<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-c23ea92\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13039\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/cirosecgmbh\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Instagram<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9136\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xing.com\/pages\/cirosecgmbh\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Xing<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9137\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/cirosec-gmbh\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9138\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cirosec\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">X (Twitter)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21563\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infosec.exchange\/@cirosec\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mastodon<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-871a164\" data-id=\"871a164\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a46aa52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a46aa52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legal<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e6031 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"50e6031\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-50e6031\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/imprint\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Imprint<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/privacy-policy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/cirosec-responsible-disclosure-policy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">cirosec Responsible Disclosure Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-50e6031\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/imprint\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Imprint<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/privacy-policy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/cirosec-responsible-disclosure-policy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">cirosec Responsible Disclosure Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>May 10, 2024 &#8211; In this post, we will finally cover loading our actual payload. As discussed at the beginning of this series, our loader should be able to load shellcode and C# assemblies as well as PEs. The actual mode will be chosen using an argument to the python script used for compilation.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAuthor: Kolja Grassmann<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":18520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,34,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-red-teaming","category-red-teaming-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Loader Dev. 5 \u2013 Loading our payload - cirosec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cirosec.de\/en\/news\/loader-dev-5-loading-our-payload\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Loader Dev. 5 \u2013 Loading our payload - cirosec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"May 10, 2024 - In this post, we will finally cover loading our actual payload. As discussed at the beginning of this series, our loader should be able to load shellcode and C# assemblies as well as PEs. The actual mode will be chosen using an argument to the python script used for compilation. 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As discussed at the beginning of this series, our loader should be able to load shellcode and C# assemblies as well as PEs. The actual mode will be chosen using an argument to the python script used for compilation. 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